Different artifacts contain knives and harpoons made from bone and antler. Later, fairly from the 17th century, artifact assemblages come to incorporate many imported items from Japan, together with ceramic dishes, lacquerware, and iron kettles, axes, and knives. due to those infusions, neighborhood creation of ceramics finally disappears completely. Pit-dwellings, that are average throughout the Satsumon interval, additionally disappear from the list, most likely in prefer of floor dwellings, that are di‹cult to spot archaeologically. the main usually excavated Ainu constructions are graves, ritual websites, and “forts,” or casi. The ritual websites are regarded as linked to the “Bear competition” (iyomante) and different “sending-oª ” (monookuri) ceremonies, which signify influences from the Okhotsk tradition to the north. The casi are often regarded as army in nature, yet different uses—for instance, as sacred areas, dwellings, or websites for negotiations—have additionally been proposed. Ainu websites of every kind are as a rule came across clustered round river basins in Hokkaido. just like the Satsumon tradition sooner than it, Ainu tradition was once linked to a hunting-gathering way of life sup- 76 BORDERS plemented via the cultivation of a few grains and greens. The organization of Ainu websites with specific river basins is believed to reflect the overriding value of salmon fishing in those people’s way of life. sixty three even supposing, as famous, post-thirteenth-century websites in Hokkaido are regularly known as “Ainu,” normally there's little correspondence among many of the archaeological cultures and the “ethnic teams” that seem within the jap old list. As we will see within the following bankruptcy, jap texts confer with the peoples of the north as “Emishi” via concerning the 12th century and as “Ezo” (confusingly, written with an analogous ideographs) thereafter. sixty four The time period “Ainu” additionally seems in a few early smooth texts. evaluating this with the chronology of archaeological cultures finds a few obtrusive discrepancies. A unmarried tradition, the Satsumon, was once observed in Japan by means of diªerent names, “Emishi” and “Ezo,” whereas however a unmarried identify, “Ezo,” was once used for no less than diªerent archaeological cultures, the overdue Satsumon and the Ainu. (How the Okhotsk tradition was once pointed out, if in any respect, is uncertain. ) And those are only the chronological discrepancies. one other vital query is whether or not there has been a one-to-one correspondence among the ethnic names utilized in Japan and the geographic distribution of any of the proper archaeological cultures. it is a very frustrating rivalry, yet one who has been accredited with no query in many of the jap literature, which easily assumes, for instance, that if eighth-century resources discuss with “Emishi” and if a few archaeological websites from this era might be ascribed to the “Satsumon culture,” then all “Emishi” should have belonged to the Satsumon tradition region, and all citizens of the latter have been “Emishi. ” this can were precise, yet there's no justification for assuming it a priori.